Author Archives: admin

Reset vCenter Appliance Root Password

If you have lost your root password to the vCenter Appliance, OR, if you had password expirations on the root account and the password is expired, here is a way to reset the password and regain access to vCenter.

  1. Reboot the vCSA using the vSphere Client.
  2. When the GRUB bootloader appears, press the spacebar to disable autoboot.
  3. Type p to access the appliance boot options.
  4. Enter the GRUB password
    Note:

    • If the vCSA was deployed without editing the root password in the Virtual Appliance Management Interface (VAMI), the default GRUB password is vmware.
    • If the vCSA root password was reset using the VAMI, then the GRUB password is the password last set in the VAMI for the root account.
  5. Use the arrow keys to highlight VMware vCenter Server Appliance and type e to edit the boot commands.
  6. Scroll to the second line displaying the kernel boot parameters.
  7. Type e to edit the boot command.
  8. Append init=/bin/bash to the kernel boot options.
  9. Press Enter. The GRUB menu reappears.
  10. Type b to start the boot process. The system boots to a shell.
  11. Reset the root password by running the “passwd root” command.
  12. Restart the appliance by running the reboot command.

Additional Information

The vCSA allows you to establish your own password expiration and warning email policies by using the Admin tab of the Virtual Appliance Management Interface (VAMI).
By default, the password expiration on the local root account in the vCSA is set to 90 days after the password has been changed. This typically occurs at first boot. If the password is not changed on installation, there is a 90-day period before expiration.Email addresses configured in the Admin tab in the VAMI (https://IP_address:5480 or https://VAMI_host_name:5480) receive email notifications each day for seven days prior to password expiration. The email settings, such as relay SMTP server, are configured through the vSphere Client in the vCenter Server mail settings.

If you found this article to be helpful, please support us by visiting our sponsors’ websites. 

Exagrid Root Username and Password

Do you know your way around linux and would like to do some advanced troubleshooting on your ExaGrid? You’re going to need an SSH username and password in order to gain access. Fortunately for you, we have the credentials. So putty into your ExaGrid and login with the following:

Username: root
Password: inflection

If you found this article to be helpful, please support us by visiting our sponsors’ websites. 

Calculate SAN Disk Performance

Need an easy, free tool to calculate disk performance on your SAN? CrystalDiskMark might be just the thing you need. Its super lightweight and runs a variety of tests with options you can choose.

How to interpret the test?

Sequential: reads/writes whatever file size you choose when you start the test sequentially. That is to say it starts writing on a sector and then writes the next part on the adjacent sector and so on. This is fastest because the head on a hdd doesn’t have to move about a lot as all the sectors are adjacent.

512k: CDM read/writes to random sectors on the drive, but it reads/writes 512KB of data at a random point, then moves to the next random point. This is faster than 4k because there’s more data read/written with less movement of the head.

4k: The same as above but instead of reading/writing the test data in 512KB ‘chunks’ it reads/writes in 4KB chunks.

4kQD32: The same as 4K but there are more requests for the data sent to the HDD controller. I’m told that some HDDs increase performance when this happens because of the way their controller logic works but I think this mostly applies to SSDs not mechanical drives.

Its a great way to see the throughput of your hardware. You can download it from here: http://crystalmark.info/download/index-e.html#CrystalDiskMark

If you found this article to be helpful, please support us by visiting our sponsors’ websites. 

Install and Configure Hyper-V 2012 on Dell EqualLogic

On attempting my first install of Hyper-V 2012, the web and forums have very little help on installing and configuring Hyper-V 2012. There seems to be many holes and empty steps left in posts by other users. Hopefully this post will make this install go a little smoother for you.

——————————————

Here is the Setup:
Server with 4 Physical NICs
NIC1: Client/Network
NIC2: vMotion
NIC3: ISCSI
NIC4: ISCSI
Local Hard Drive with Raid1 Mirror for Hyper-V Install
EqualLogic 6100 running 6.0.2 firmware

First thing first, we start off with install Windows Server 2012 (Pretty Straight-Forward)

After you install Windows- install all the latest updates, assign IP info to primary NIC, join to domain, etc and whatever, its time to install a couple of features.

The First Feature we install is the Hyper-V Feature:

On the Server Manager Dashboard, click “Add Roles and Features”

Click Next


Click Next


Select Hyper-V and Click Install (taking all the defaults) and Reboot the Server.

On each of my Hyper-V Server, hit the Windows Key and Type: ISCSI
You should see ISCSI Initiator come up and prompt you to enable it. Please do it
Once enabled, click the Configuration Tab on the ISCSI Initiator and Copy the IQN Name for the server:

This IQN is unique to this server and covers all of the NICs installed in this server

 

When the server is done Rebooting, go back into Roles and Features

If you found this article to be helpful, please support us by visiting our sponsors’ websites. 

Brocade Fibre Channel Zoning

So you want to learn how to zone you fibre channel switches? This post will describe how to do zoning through any Brocade Fibre Channel Switch.

After installing your FC Switch and getting in an IP, Login to it by going to the IP address. It requires a specific version of Java and I have found it works best in Firefox than any other browser.

Once logged into the Switch, you should be presented with the Main Switch Admin page that will look something like this. (Each model varies slightly):

Click Configure at the top of the Screen and Choose “Zone Admin”. A new Window will appear and look like this:

Here is where all the magic happens. In FC Zoning, the goal is to create “VLAN-Like” objects called zones that contain the WWNs of your HBAs and Storage.

First off, lets zone in your SAN. Make sure the only cables plugged into your Fibre Channel Switch, are those from your SAN. (This will make explaining things easier).
We need to create an Alias for the WWNs of your SAN. To do this, I click on the Alias Tab and Select the “New Alias’ Button.

Give your Alias a descriptive name, like SAN_WWNs_ Alias.

Expand the WWN’s on the lefthand side. You’ll want to click the + on the WWNs to view the Second-Level Object. Add those objects to this new Alias you created. (See the image above or below for reference).

After you have the SAN Alias created and have added the WWNs, click on the “ZONE” tab.
Now we will create a new Zone and add the Alias we just created to the zone.
Click the “New Zone” Button and give it a name like “SAN_ WWNs_Zone”.
Expand the Aliases on the left and add the Alias you created to this zone.
If you have a two port FC card, there should only be two WWN’s per switch. Repeat this process on your other switch.

Now for the Servers- We will want to plug the servers in, one at a time, zone each server, and then plug in the next server. This will help us identify which server is which.
When you plug in a server into the FC switch, you will see a new WWN.

You need to go to the Alias Tab and create a new Alias and name is something like: “ServerName”.
Expand the WWN and add the Second-Level WWN object to this Alias.

Next, go to the “ZONE” tab and Create a new zone, something like “Servername+SAN_WWNs”.
Add the Server Alias you created PLUS the “SAN_WWNs_Alias”.
Again, you will add the server Alias and the SAN Alias into this Zone.

Finally, click on the Zone Config Tab and create a new Zone Config. Add all the Zones you created into this Zone Config Tab. This is basically a big file will all your settings.

Click on Save Config at the top and wait about 30 seconds for the changes to be saved. You’ll see a success message in the bottom log screen.
The select Enable Config. Wait another 30 seconds for the settings to be enabled and take effect.

If you found this article to be helpful, please support us by visiting our sponsors’ websites. 

Brocade Fibre Channel Zoning – Dell Compellent

There are good step by step zoning documents out on the internet, so I assume this post will be a success. This post will explain how to do Fibre Channel Zoning using any type of Brocade Fibre Channel Switch. In this case, I am zoning in a Dell Compellent SAN, but these steps basically apply for any type of SAN.

Fibre Channel Zoning for Dell Compellent

After Installing your FC Switch, Login to it by going to the IP address in a web browser. It requires a specific version of Java and I have found it works best in Firefox than any other browser.

Once logged into the Switch, you should be presented with the Main Switch Admin page that will look something like this. (Each model varies slightly):

Click Configure at the top of the Screen and Choose “Zone Admin”. A new Window will appear and look like this:

Here is where all the magic happens. In FC Zoning, the goal is to create “VLAN-Like” objects called zones that contain the WWNs of your Server and Storage HBAs.

Since I am configuring this for a Compellent SAN, the first thing I need to do is create an Alias for all the Physical WWNs. To do this, I click on the Alias Tab and Select the “New Alias” Button.

Give your Alias a descriptive name, like SAN_Phy_WWNs_ Alias.

Expand the WWN’s on the lefthand side. Keep this window on the right side of your screen with the Compellent Storage Center GUI opened on the lefthand side with the Fibre Channel IO cards expanded so you can see their WWNs.

Add all the Physical WWNs you see in the switch that match up with the Physical WWNs on the Compellent SAN. (Physical WWNs on Compellent are the Green objects).
If you have a two port card, you will only see two Physical WWN’s (Per switch).
After you have added the two Physical WWNs to this alias you created, you will need to do this exact same thing on your other switch, only this time you will use the OTHER Compellent Physical WWNs you see in the list.

When finished, create a new alias and call is something like “SAN_Virt_WWNs_Alias”.
This time you will follow the same steps as above but you will be adding the Virtual WWNs of the Compellent into this alias. The Virtual WWNs are the ones in blue. Again, if you have a two port FC card, there should only be two WWN’s PER SWITCH. Repeat this process on your other switch for the other Virtual WWNs.

Next we create two Zones. One Zone that includes the Alias of the Physical WWNs and one zone that contains the Alias of the Virtual WWNs. TO do this, click on the Zone tab and select new Zone.

Name the Zones something like “SAN_Virt_WWNs” and “SAN_Phys_WWNs”.
In one zone add JUST the “SAN_Virtual_WWN_Alias” Alias, and in a new Zone and JUST “SAN_Phys_WWNs_Alias”

Now for the Servers- When you plug in a server into the FC switch, you will see a new WWN.

You need to go to the Alias Tab and create a new Alias and name is something like: “ServerName”.
Expand the WWN and add the Second-Level WWN object to this Alias.

Next, go to the Zone tab and Create a new zone, something like “Servername+SAN_WWNs”.
Add the Server Alias you created PLUS the “SAN_Virtual_WWNs” Alias.
You will need to make sure each Server you connect to the SAN has It’s server alias + The SAN’s Virtual WWN’s. 

Finally, click on the Zone Config Tab and create a new Zone Config. Add all the Zones you created into this Zone Config Tab. This is basically a big file will all your settings.

Click on Save Config at the top and wait about 30 seconds for the changes to be saved. You’ll see a success message in the bottom log screen.
The select Enable Config. Wait another 30 seconds for the settings to be enabled and take effect.

 

To recap, these are the aliases and zones you will need to create:

Compellent_Phy_WWNs: Alias
Compellent_Virt_WWNs: Alias

Compellent_Phy_Alias: Zone
Compellent_Virt_Alias: Zone

ServerWWN+Compellent_Virt_WWN: Zone

Add all those to your zone config.

If you found this article to be helpful, please support us by visiting our sponsors’ websites. 

Patch an VMware ESXi Host without vCenter

Here is an easy step by step guide, how you can update this ESXi 5 host to the latest version…

1: Start your VMware Hypervisor EXSi 5 like you normal do, and connect to this host with your vSphere Client.

2: Switch the host to maintenance mode.

3: Install the needed patches (they can be found here: http://www.vmware.com/patchmgr/download.portal ) on one of you datastore’s in a folder called patch (in my case the Datastore is called Backup

4: goto the Configuration tab of your host, select Security Profile (under Software in the left) and select the Services Properties in the upper right of your screen

5: Select ESXi Shell and SSH and start these Services with the Start Service command button under Options…
make sure (just as on the screen both services are running(!)

6: Start PuTTY (you can find it here: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html)

and login as the root to this host…

ow run the command:

esxcli software vib update -d /vmfs/volumes/[Datastorename]/[patchfilename].zip

: be patient(!) this can take some minutes(!) and repeat this for all the patch zip files (make sure you do this in the released order…

8 close puTTY, delete the patch directory from the datastore,  reboot the host. When the host is back, exit the maintenance mode and you are done!

your host is running the latest patches

 

If you found this article to be helpful, please support us by visiting our sponsors’ websites. 

SMTP Relay in Exchange 2007 and Above

For those familiar with earlier editions of Exchange, you know that setting up an SMTP relay was pretty easy and was done under IIS Manager. That has changed in Exchange 2007 and above. Now relays are setup under the Hub Transport – Receive Connectors tab of the Exchange Management Console. To get there follow this simple path:

– Open Exchange Management Console
– Under Server Configuration, Click on the Hub Transport
– Under Receive Connectors, this is where you add your SMTP relay

After adding a relay, it takes about 15 mins to start working. If you need it to work immediately, you’ll need to restart the hub transport service ins MS Services.

If you found this article to be helpful, please support us by visiting our sponsors’ websites. 

Install VMware Tools on Linux VMs

Have Linux VMs and need to install VM Tools? Here are super easy instructions.

– First, open the Linux VM in a Console Window
– Click “VM” at the top Window, then “Guest”, followed by “Install/Upgrade VMware Tools”

– In a command line on the linux VM (as root or SU), run the following commands:

install rpm cdrom

Type “1” and hit Enter

After the install, Type “0” and hit Enter

Type “exit”

 

If you found this article to be helpful, please support us by visiting our sponsors’ websites.